What defines Parkinson's disease?

Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, particularly within a region called the substantia nigra. This degeneration leads to a significant reduction in dopamine levels, which is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating movement, coordination, and balance. The low dopamine levels are responsible for the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, which include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability.

Understanding the role of dopamine in Parkinson's disease provides insight into the neurological processes underpinning the disorder. While serotonin levels can affect mood and other processes, they are not directly linked to the primary motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Similarly, high adrenaline levels typically relate to stress responses and autonomic functions, and imbalanced calcium levels are not a defining characteristic of this specific neurological disorder. The focus on low dopamine levels is thus crucial for understanding the pathophysiology and management of Parkinson's disease.