What is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?

Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications primarily used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. One of the well-known side effects of these medications is peripheral edema. This occurs because calcium channel blockers lead to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation. Vasodilation increases the arterial pressure but can also allow fluid to leak from the capillaries into the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling in the extremities, particularly in the legs and ankles. This side effect can be uncomfortable for patients and is often a reason for discontinuation or switching of the medication. While decreased heart rate may also occur with some calcium channel blockers, peripheral edema is more commonly noted and specifically associated with this medication class, making it the correct response in this context.