What is a key feature of memantine?

Memantine is primarily known for its action as an NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonist, which plays a significant role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. NMDA receptors are a subtype of glutamate receptors that are involved in synaptic plasticity and memory function. In Alzheimer's disease, excessive activation of these receptors can lead to neurotoxicity and contribute to cognitive decline. By blocking these receptors, memantine helps to protect neurons from glutamate-induced damage and may help in stabilizing cognitive function in patients with this condition.

This mechanism of action distinguishes memantine from other classes of medications. For example, calcium channel blockers, dopamine agonists, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors work through different pathways and are used for other indications or have different therapeutic effects. Thus, the defining quality of memantine as an NMDA antagonist is what underpins its effectiveness and relevance in managing Alzheimer's symptoms.