Which beta blockers are known to reduce sleep disturbances due to their water-soluble properties?

The correct answer highlights that Atenolol and Celiprolol are known to reduce sleep disturbances due to their water-soluble properties. Water-soluble beta blockers tend to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) less effectively than lipid-soluble beta blockers, which makes them less likely to cause CNS-related side effects such as sleep disturbances.

Atenolol is a widely used beta blocker that is known for its effectiveness in managing hypertension and angina, with a lower incidence of CNS side effects. Similarly, Celiprolol, which is also water-soluble, has shown a favorable profile regarding sleep quality. This characteristic is particularly important for patients who may be sensitive to the disruptive effects of medications on sleep.

The other options include pairs of beta blockers that do not share this specific profile of water solubility and impact on sleep. For instance, Sotalol is known to be a potent antiarrhythmic that can penetrate the CNS more effectively, possibly leading to more sleep disturbances. Carvedilol, being lipid-soluble, can also have a more pronounced effect on CNS side effects. Additionally, Bisoprolol, while less lipophilic than some other beta blockers, does not share the same recognized profile of having